引言
C语言作为一种历史悠久且功能强大的编程语言，是学习编程的重要起点。掌握C语言不仅有助于理解计算机的工作原理，还能为学习其他编程语言打下坚实的基础。本文将提供50个实践题目，涵盖C语言编程的基础知识和高级技巧，旨在帮助读者从入门到精通。
第一部分：C语言基础
题目1：打印“Hello, World!”
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
return 0;
}
题目2：变量和基本数据类型
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int age = 25;
float pi = 3.14159;
char grade = 'A';
printf("Age: %d\n", age);
printf("Pi: %.5f\n", pi);
printf("Grade: %c\n", grade);
return 0;
}
题目3：运算符和表达式
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 3;
printf("Sum: %d\n", a + b);
printf("Difference: %d\n", a - b);
printf("Product: %d\n", a * b);
printf("Quotient: %d\n", a / b);
printf("Remainder: %d\n", a % b);
return 0;
}
第二部分：控制流
题目4：条件语句
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number = 10;
if (number > 0) {
printf("Number is positive.\n");
} else if (number < 0) {
printf("Number is negative.\n");
} else {
printf("Number is zero.\n");
}
return 0;
}
题目5：循环结构
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("Loop %d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
第三部分：数组与指针
题目6：一维数组
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("numbers[%d] = %d\n", i, numbers[i]);
}
return 0;
}
题目7：指针操作
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10;
int *ptr = &a;
printf("Value of a: %d\n", a);
printf("Address of a: %p\n", (void *)&a);
printf("Value of ptr: %p\n", (void *)ptr);
printf("Value pointed by ptr: %d\n", *ptr);
return 0;
}
第四部分：函数与递归
题目8：函数定义与调用
#include <stdio.h>
void greet() {
printf("Hello, Function!\n");
}
int main() {
greet();
return 0;
}
题目9：递归函数
#include <stdio.h>
int factorial(int n) {
if (n <= 1) {
return 1;
} else {
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
}
int main() {
int number = 5;
printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", number, factorial(number));
return 0;
}
第五部分：高级主题
题目10：结构体
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct {
char name[50];
int age;
float salary;
} Employee;
int main() {
Employee emp;
strcpy(emp.name, "John Doe");
emp.age = 30;
emp.salary = 50000.0;
printf("Name: %s\n", emp.name);
printf("Age: %d\n", emp.age);
printf("Salary: %.2f\n", emp.salary);
return 0;
}
题目11：文件操作
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
FILE *file = fopen("example.txt", "w");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file.\n");
return 1;
}
fprintf(file, "This is a test.\n");
fclose(file);
return 0;
}
第六部分：实战项目
题目12：计算器程序
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char operator;
double first, second;
printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf("%c", &operator);
printf("Enter two operands: ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &first, &second);
switch (operator) {
case '+':
printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf\n", first, second, first + second);
break;
case '-':
printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf\n", first, second, first - second);
break;
case '*':
printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf\n", first, second, first * second);
break;
case '/':
if (second != 0.0)
printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf\n", first, second, first / second);
else
printf("Division by zero is not allowed.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Invalid operator!\n");
}
return 0;
}
题目13：字符串处理
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];
printf("Enter first string: ");
fgets(str1, sizeof(str1), stdin);
printf("Enter second string: ");
fgets(str2, sizeof(str2), stdin);
if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0) {
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
} else {
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
}
return 0;
}
结论
通过以上50个实践题目的学习，读者可以逐步掌握C语言编程的基础和高级技巧。每个题目都旨在帮助读者通过实际操作来加深对语言特性的理解。不断练习和挑战自己，相信不久的将来，你将成为一名熟练的C语言程序员。