引言:理解考研英语二图表作文的核心挑战
考研英语二的写作部分通常包括一篇图表作文,这是一种常见的题型,要求考生根据提供的图表(如柱状图、折线图、饼图或表格)描述数据趋势、分析原因并提出结论。这种作文不仅考察语言表达能力,还测试逻辑思维和数据解读技能。许多考生在面对图表时感到无从下手,尤其是构建原因分析部分时,容易陷入简单重复或逻辑混乱的困境。本文将提供一套必备的原因句型万能模板,帮助你轻松应对图表作文,实现提分目标。这些模板基于历年真题和高分范文设计,强调实用性和灵活性,确保你的作文结构清晰、论据充分、语言地道。
通过掌握这些模板,你将学会如何从图表数据中提炼原因,并用高级句型表达出来。记住,高分作文的关键在于“描述+分析+结论”的三段式结构,而原因分析往往是拉开分数差距的部分。接下来,我们将逐步拆解模板,并结合实例进行详细说明。
第一部分:图表作文的基本结构概述
在深入原因句型之前,先明确图表作文的整体框架。这有助于你将模板无缝融入文章中。典型的考研英语二图表作文结构如下:
- 引言段(Introduction):简要描述图表主题和主要趋势,通常1-2句。避免过多细节,只需概括。
- 主体段(Body):详细描述数据变化,并分析原因。这是原因句型的核心应用区,通常占文章60%以上。
- 结论段(Conclusion):总结趋势、提出预测或建议,1-2句。
为什么原因分析如此重要?因为图表作文不仅仅是“看图说话”,而是要求你解释“为什么”数据会这样变化。这体现了批判性思维,也是阅卷老师评分的重点。使用模板可以让你快速构建逻辑链条,避免中式英语的生硬表达。
第二部分:必备原因句型万能模板
以下模板分为基础、中级和高级三类,从简单到复杂,便于循序渐进。每个模板后附带解释、使用场景和完整例句。例句均基于常见考研图表主题,如“大学生就业率变化”或“城市化对环境的影响”。你可以根据具体图表替换关键词(如数据、主语)。
1. 基础模板:直接因果关系(适合初学者,强调简单明了)
这些模板用于直接连接图表数据与原因,结构为“数据 + 原因句型 + 解释”。
模板1:The reason for [数据变化] is that [原因].
解释:这是最基础的因果句,用于解释单一趋势。保持简洁,避免赘述。
例句:The reason for the sharp increase in college graduates’ employment rate from 70% in 2015 to 85% in 2020 is that the government has implemented more job-creation policies. (基于柱状图:就业率上升,原因是政策支持。)模板2:[数据变化] can be attributed to [原因].
解释:被动语态,适合客观分析。强调外部因素,如社会或经济原因。
例句:The decline in urban air quality, as shown in the pie chart, can be attributed to the rapid expansion of private car ownership. (基于饼图:空气污染占比增加,原因是私家车增多。)模板3:One major factor contributing to [数据变化] is [原因].
解释:引入“因素”概念,便于列举多个原因。适合主体段开头。
例句:One major factor contributing to the rising trend of online shopping sales from 20% to 45% in the line graph is the widespread adoption of mobile payment systems. (基于折线图:线上购物增长,原因是移动支付普及。)
2. 中级模板:多重原因与比较(适合提升逻辑深度)
这些模板用于处理复杂数据,如多个趋势或对比分析,帮助你展示更全面的思考。
模板4:[数据变化] is primarily due to [原因1], as well as [原因2].
解释:使用“primarily due to”和“as well as”连接主次原因,避免单一化。注意平衡主次,避免原因过多导致混乱。
例句:The surge in the number of urban residents, as illustrated in the bar chart, is primarily due to the availability of better job opportunities, as well as improved educational facilities in cities. (基于柱状图:城市人口增加,主因就业机会,次因教育改善。)模板5:Compared with [对比数据], [当前数据] shows a significant change because [原因].
解释:引入比较,突出变化原因。适合有对比的图表,如前后年份数据。
例句:Compared with the low recycling rate of 15% in 2010, the current rate of 35% in 2020 shows a significant change because of increased public awareness campaigns. (基于表格:回收率上升,原因是环保宣传。)模板6:While [旧趋势], [新趋势] emerges due to [原因].
解释:转折结构,描述从旧到新的转变原因。增强文章动态感。
例句:While traditional book reading declined to 30% in the chart, e-book reading emerges due to the convenience of digital devices. (基于折线图:传统阅读下降,电子阅读上升,原因是设备便利。)
3. 高级模板:复杂逻辑与预测(适合高分追求者)
这些模板融入从句、虚拟语气或预测元素,提升语言档次,展示高级表达能力。
模板7:It is [原因] that has led to [数据变化], which can be seen from [图表细节].
解释:强调句+定语从句,结构紧凑。用于深入分析,连接图表证据。
例句:It is the growing emphasis on environmental protection that has led to the decrease in industrial waste emissions by 25%, which can be seen from the downward trend in the line graph. (基于折线图:工业排放下降,原因是环保重视。)模板8:Had it not been for [原因], [数据变化] would not have occurred.
解释:虚拟语气,表示假设原因。适合强调关键因素,但需谨慎使用,避免语法错误。
例句:Had it not been for the implementation of the two-child policy, the birth rate would not have shown a slight increase from 1.2% to 1.5% in the chart. (基于柱状图:出生率微升,原因是二孩政策。)模板9:Looking ahead, [数据变化] is likely to continue because [原因], suggesting [预测].
解释:结合预测,扩展结论。适合结尾段,展示前瞻性。
例句:Looking ahead, the trend of remote work adoption is likely to continue because of advancements in communication technology, suggesting a further decline in office attendance. (基于饼图:远程工作占比增加,预测未来趋势。)
模板使用Tips:
- 替换灵活性:将[数据变化]替换为具体描述,如“the 20% rise in…”;[原因]替换为经济、社会或技术因素。
- 避免重复:一篇文章中使用3-5个不同模板,确保多样性。
- 语法检查:注意主谓一致和时态(通常用一般现在时或过去时描述数据)。
第三部分:完整实例分析——从模板到全篇作文
为了让你更好地理解模板应用,我们以一个典型考研真题为例:假设图表显示“2015-2020年中国大学生创业比例变化”(从5%升至15%),要求分析原因。以下是一篇完整范文,融入上述模板。字数控制在150-200词,符合要求。
完整范文:
The Rise of College Students’ Entrepreneurship in China
The bar chart illustrates the dramatic increase in the proportion of Chinese college students starting their own businesses, rising from 5% in 2015 to 15% in 2020. This trend reflects a significant shift in the job market and educational landscape.
One major factor contributing to this upward trend is the government’s supportive policies, such as tax breaks and startup funds. The reason for the sharp increase is that universities have integrated entrepreneurship courses into their curricula, equipping students with practical skills. Compared with the stagnant rate of 5% in 2015, the current figure shows a significant change because of the booming digital economy, which provides easy access to online platforms for business launches. It is the growing emphasis on innovation that has led to this surge, which can be seen from the chart’s steady climb over the five years. Looking ahead, this trend is likely to continue because of ongoing technological advancements, suggesting a potential rise to 25% by 2025.
In conclusion, the data highlights the importance of fostering entrepreneurship among youth. Policymakers should continue to encourage this to drive economic growth.
范文解析:
- 引言段:简单描述图表(无模板)。
- 主体段:使用模板3(One major factor…)、模板1(The reason for…)、模板5(Compared with…)、模板7(It is… that…)、模板9(Looking ahead…)。每个句子都连接数据与原因,逻辑清晰。
- 结论段:总结并预测。
- 提分点:词汇多样(e.g., “dramatic increase,” “booming digital economy”),句型丰富,避免简单句堆砌。通过模板,你只需填入关键词,即可快速成文。
第四部分:提分技巧与常见错误避免
提分技巧:
- 数据精确引用:始终提及具体数字或百分比,如“from 5% to 15%”,增强说服力。
- 原因多样化:从经济(e.g., 政策、市场)、社会(e.g., 教育、意识)、技术(e.g., 创新)角度分析,避免单一原因。
- 连接词使用:搭配模板使用“because,” “due to,” “as a result of”等,确保段落连贯。
- 词汇升级:替换常见词,如用“surge”代替“increase”,用“attribute to”代替“is caused by”。
- 时间管理:练习时,先列提纲(描述1-2句,原因3-4句,结论1句),再填充模板。
- 练习建议:每周分析2-3篇真题图表,用模板改写范文。目标:达到15-18分(满分20)。
常见错误避免:
- 语法错误:虚拟语气易错,如“Had it not been for”后接过去完成时。练习:多读例句。
- 逻辑跳跃:原因必须直接相关数据,不要添加无关信息。
- 中式英语:避免“the reason is because”(冗余),用模板修正。
- 长度不足:如果字数不够,添加一个次要原因模板。
- 抄袭风险:模板是框架,必须用自己的话替换关键词。
通过这些模板和技巧,你将能自信应对任何图表作文。记住,练习是关键——从今天开始,用模板写一篇作文,逐步内化。祝考研顺利,作文高分!
