考研英语写作是许多考生备考过程中的难点之一，尤其是图表作文和应用文写作，需要在有限的时间内快速组织语言、表达观点。本文将系统梳理考研英语写作中的常用高分句子模板和万能句型，帮助考生轻松应对图表议论文与应用文写作。通过这些模板和句型，考生可以提升文章的逻辑性和语言表达的准确性，从而在考试中脱颖而出。

图表作文写作模板与句型

图表作文是考研英语写作中的常见题型，通常要求考生根据给定的图表（如柱状图、折线图、饼图、表格等）描述数据变化、分析原因并得出结论。以下是一些高分模板和万能句型，帮助考生高效完成图表作文。

1. 开头段：描述图表信息

开头段的核心任务是简要描述图表的主题和主要数据趋势，避免过多细节。使用以下句型可以快速构建开头段。

常用句型模板：

  • “The chart/graph/table clearly illustrates the changes in [主题] from [起始时间] to [结束时间].”
  • “As is vividly depicted in the bar chart/line graph, there has been a significant increase/decrease in [主题] over the past [时间段].”
  • “From the pie chart, we can see that [主题] accounts for [百分比] of the total, which is the largest/smallest proportion.”

完整例子： 假设图表显示2010年至2020年中国城市人口的变化，开头段可以这样写： “The line graph clearly illustrates the changes in China’s urban population from 2010 to 2020. As is vividly depicted, there has been a steady increase in the number of urban residents during this period, rising from 666 million in 2010 to 866 million in 2020.”

解释与细节：

  • 第一句直接引用图表类型（line graph）和主题（China’s urban population），并说明时间范围（2010-2020）。
  • 第二句使用”as is vividly depicted”增强描述性，并突出主要趋势（steady increase），提供具体数据（666 million to 866 million）以支持描述。
  • 这种结构简洁明了，符合考研英语写作的字数要求（通常100-150词），并为后续分析段落铺垫。

2. 中间段：分析原因或影响

中间段是图表作文的核心，需要分析数据变化的原因或影响。使用因果句型和连接词可以使段落逻辑清晰。

常用句型模板：

  • “There are several reasons accounting for this trend. Firstly, [原因1]. Secondly, [原因2].”
  • “This phenomenon can be attributed to [原因]. For instance, [例子].”
  • “The increase/decrease in [主题] has brought about both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, [正面影响]; on the other hand, [负面影响].”

完整例子： 继续以上述城市人口变化为例，中间段分析原因： “There are several reasons accounting for this steady increase. Firstly, rapid economic growth has attracted millions of rural residents to seek better job opportunities in cities. For instance, the development of industries in coastal areas has created numerous manufacturing positions. Secondly, government policies such as the hukou system reform have facilitated urbanization, making it easier for people to settle in urban areas. This trend has significantly boosted economic development but also posed challenges like traffic congestion and housing shortages.”

解释与细节：

  • 第一句使用”There are several reasons accounting for”引出分析。
  • 提供两个具体原因：经济吸引（job opportunities）和政策改革（hukou reform），并用”For instance”举例说明（industries in coastal areas）。
  • 最后讨论影响，使用”On the one hand… on the other hand”结构，平衡正面（economic development）和负面（congestion, shortages）影响。
  • 这种分析使文章深度增加，展示批判性思维，同时使用连接词（Firstly, Secondly）确保连贯性。

3. 结尾段：总结与建议

结尾段应总结趋势、重申观点，并提出建议或展望。避免引入新信息。

常用句型模板：

  • “In conclusion, the data indicates that [总结趋势]. It is advisable that [建议].”
  • “To sum up, the changes in [主题] reflect [深层含义]. We should [行动建议] to [目标].”
  • “Overall, the trend suggests [结论]. Future efforts should focus on [改进方向].”

完整例子： 针对城市人口变化，结尾段如下： “In conclusion, the data indicates that China’s urban population will continue to grow in the coming years. It is advisable that the government invest more in infrastructure to accommodate the rising population and mitigate potential issues. Overall, this trend reflects the ongoing urbanization process, and we should prioritize sustainable development to ensure a balanced society.”

解释与细节：

  • 第一句总结趋势（will continue to grow），基于图表数据推断未来。
  • 第二句提出建议（invest in infrastructure），使用”It is advisable that”结构，具体说明行动（mitigate issues）。
  • 最后重申深层含义（urbanization process）和行动（prioritize sustainable development），使结尾有力且积极。
  • 这种结构控制在2-3句，符合字数限制，并以积极语气结束，提升整体得分。

应用文写作模板与句型

应用文写作包括书信、通知、建议信、投诉信等，通常要求格式正确、内容完整、语气得体。以下针对常见类型提供模板和句型。

1. 建议信（Letter of Advice）

建议信常用于表达对某事的建议，语气应友好且建设性。

常用句型模板：

  • “I am writing to offer some suggestions regarding [主题].”
  • “Firstly, I suggest that you [建议1]. This would help [好处].”
  • “Secondly, it might be a good idea to [建议2]. For example, [例子].”
  • “I hope these suggestions will be helpful. Please feel free to contact me if you need further advice.”

完整例子： 假设写给朋友关于如何提高英语写作的建议信： “Dear Li Ming,

I am writing to offer some suggestions regarding improving your English writing skills. Firstly, I suggest that you read English articles daily, such as news or essays, to build vocabulary and sentence structures. This would help you express ideas more fluently. Secondly, it might be a good idea to practice writing short paragraphs on common topics like environment or education. For example, you could describe a chart or argue a point in 100 words each day. I hope these suggestions will be helpful. Please feel free to contact me if you need further advice.

Best regards, Zhang Wei”

解释与细节：

  • 开头直接说明目的（offer suggestions），使用”I am writing to”标准句型。
  • 建议部分分点（Firstly, Secondly），每个建议后跟好处或例子（read articles to build vocabulary; practice writing paragraphs）。
  • 结尾友好（hope helpful; contact me），符合应用文的礼貌原则。
  • 格式包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名，确保完整。字数控制在100词左右。

2. 投诉信（Letter of Complaint）

投诉信用于表达不满，语气应坚定但礼貌，提供事实支持。

常用句型模板：

  • “I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with [问题].”
  • “The main problem is that [具体问题]. This has caused [影响].”
  • “I would appreciate it if you could [解决方案]. Looking forward to your reply.”

完整例子： 投诉购买的电子产品质量问题： “Dear Customer Service Manager,

I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the smartphone I purchased from your store last week. The main problem is that the battery drains quickly, lasting only two hours on a full charge, which is far below the advertised 10 hours. This has caused great inconvenience, as I cannot use it for work without frequent recharging. I would appreciate it if you could replace the product or provide a full refund as soon as possible. Looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely, Li Hua”

解释与细节：

  • 开头明确表达不满（dissatisfaction with），并提及购买细节（last week）以提供背景。
  • 问题描述具体（battery drains quickly, only two hours），用数据支持（advertised 10 hours），并说明影响（inconvenience for work）。
  • 解决方案清晰（replace or refund），使用礼貌句型（I would appreciate it if）。
  • 结尾期待回复，保持专业语气。整个信件结构紧凑，逻辑清晰。

3. 通知（Notice）

通知用于发布信息，要求简洁明了，包括时间、地点、事件等要素。

常用句型模板：

  • “Notice: [事件] will be held on [日期] at [地点].”
  • “All participants are required to [要求]. For details, please contact [联系人].”
  • “We look forward to your participation.”

完整例子： 学校英语演讲比赛通知： “Notice

An English Speech Contest will be held on March 15th at 2:00 PM in the auditorium. The theme is ‘Global Challenges and Youth Response.’ All students are required to sign up by March 10th at the Student Union office. Participants should prepare a 3-5 minute speech. For details, please contact Mr. Wang at wang@school.edu. We look forward to your participation.

Student Union”

解释与细节：

  • 标题”Notice”醒目，正文直接列出关键信息（date, time, location, theme）。
  • 要求具体（sign up by March 10th, prepare speech），提供联系方式（Mr. Wang）。
  • 结尾鼓励参与，保持积极语气。
  • 通知格式简短（50-80词），重点突出，避免冗长。

万能句型汇总与应用技巧

除了特定模板，以下万能句型适用于多种写作场景，帮助考生灵活应对。

1. 表达观点与论证

  • “From my perspective, [观点]. This is because [理由].”
  • 例子：From my perspective, urbanization is beneficial. This is because it promotes economic growth and cultural exchange.

2. 连接与过渡

  • “Moreover, [补充信息]. However, [转折].”
  • 例子：Moreover, technology advances rapidly. However, it also raises privacy concerns.

3. 强调与总结

  • “It is undeniable that [事实]. Therefore, [结论].”
  • 例子：It is undeniable that climate change is a global threat. Therefore, international cooperation is essential.

应用技巧

  • 灵活替换：将模板中的[主题]、[时间]等替换为具体内容，避免生搬硬套。
  • 多样化表达：同义替换词汇，如”increase”可换为”rise”、”grow”、”surge”，提升语言丰富度。
  • 练习与整合：多练习将这些句型组合使用，例如在图表作文中，用描述句开头、因果句分析、总结句结尾。
  • 注意语法与连贯：确保句子主谓一致，使用过渡词（如firstly, moreover）连接段落，避免中式英语。
  • 时间管理：考试中，先列提纲，再填充模板，控制在30-40分钟内完成写作。

通过以上模板和句型，考生可以系统化准备考研英语写作。建议每天练习一篇，结合真题模拟，逐步内化这些表达。坚持使用，你将能轻松应对图表议论文与应用文写作，取得高分！