小学英语写作必考词汇精选掌握这些核心词汇轻松应对考试提升写作水平

引言：为什么掌握核心词汇对小学英语写作如此重要？

在小学英语学习中，写作是考试的重要组成部分，也是孩子们展示语言能力的关键环节。许多学生在写作时常常感到无从下手，主要原因就是词汇量不足，无法准确表达自己的想法。掌握核心词汇不仅能帮助孩子们在考试中取得好成绩，还能提升他们的自信心和语言表达能力。

核心词汇是英语写作的基础，就像盖房子需要砖块一样。这些词汇包括日常生活中最常用的名词、动词、形容词等，它们构成了句子的基本框架。通过系统学习和练习这些词汇，孩子们可以轻松应对各种写作题目，写出结构完整、内容丰富的文章。

接下来，我们将精选小学英语写作中最常考的核心词汇，并提供详细的学习方法和实用技巧，帮助孩子们高效掌握这些词汇，提升写作水平。

1. 常用名词：构建句子的基础

名词是英语句子中最基本的成分，表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念。在小学英语写作中，掌握常用名词可以帮助孩子们准确描述事物，丰富文章内容。

1.1 人物类名词

人物类名词在描述人物、讲述故事时非常重要。以下是一些必考的人物类名词：

Family members（家庭成员）: father, mother, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother
School people（学校人员）: teacher, student, classmate, principal
Other people（其他人物）: friend, doctor, nurse, police officer, driver

例子：在写”My Family”这样的作文时，可以这样使用： “My family has four people: my father, my mother, my brother and me. My father is a doctor. He helps sick people. My mother is a teacher. She teaches English.”

1.2 事物类名词

事物类名词包括日常用品、食物、动物等，用于描述周围的世界。

Daily items（日常用品）: book, pen, bag, desk, chair, computer
Food（食物）: apple, banana, rice, bread, milk, egg
Animals（动物）: dog, cat, bird, elephant, tiger, panda

例子：在写”My Favorite Food”时： “My favorite food is apple. Apples are red and sweet. I eat an apple every day. My mother says apples are good for my health.”

1.3 地点类名词

地点类名词用于描述位置和场所，帮助构建场景。

Places（地点）: school, home, park, zoo, supermarket, hospital

例子：在写”A Day at School”时： “I go to school at 8:00 am. My school has a big playground. I play football with my classmates in the playground after lunch.”

学习建议：制作词汇卡片，一面写英文，一面写中文和图片。每天学习5-10个新名词，并尝试用它们造句。可以和同学或家人玩”名词接龙”游戏，比如你说”apple”，我说”book”，看谁能说得又快又准。

2. 核心动词：让句子动起来

动词是句子的灵魂，表示动作或状态。掌握核心动词可以让孩子们的作文生动有趣，充满活力。

2.1 基础动作动词

这些动词描述日常生活中最常见的动作：

移动类: go, come, walk, run, jump, swim
学习类: read, write, listen, speak, study, learn
生活类: eat, drink, sleep, play, watch, wash

例子：在写”My Daily Life”时： “I get up at 6:30 am. I wash my face and brush my teeth. Then I go to school. I read books and write in the classroom. After school, I play football with my friends.”

2.2 感官动词

感官动词帮助描述感受和体验：

see（看见）, hear（听见）, feel（感觉）, smell（闻到）, taste（尝到）

例子：在写”A Visit to the Zoo”时： “I went to the zoo last Sunday. I saw many animals. I saw elephants, tigers and monkeys. I heard the birds singing in the trees. I felt very happy.”

2.3 常用短语动词

短语动词是小学写作中的加分项：

get up（起床）, go to bed（睡觉）, have breakfast/lunch/dinner（吃早/午/晚饭）, go to school（上学）, come from（来自）, look at（看）, listen to（听）

例子：在写”My School Day”时： “I get up at 6:30 am. I have breakfast at 7:00 am. I go to school at 7:30 am. I come from China. I listen to the teacher carefully in class.”

学习建议：动词学习要结合动作练习。比如学习”jump”时，真的跳一跳；学习”swim”时，做游泳的动作。还可以制作动词卡片，一面写动词，一面画动作简笔画。每天选择3-5个动词，用它们描述自己一天的活动。

3. 描述性词汇：让作文更生动

描述性词汇（主要是形容词）能让作文更加丰富多彩，帮助表达情感和细节。

3.1 颜色和形状

描述外观的基本词汇：

Colors（颜色）: red, yellow, blue, green, black, white, orange, purple
Shapes（形状）: circle, square, triangle, rectangle, star

例子：在写”My Favorite Toy”时： “I have a toy bear. It is brown and white. It has two black eyes and a small red mouth. It is round and soft. I love it very much.”

3.2 大小和数量

描述尺寸和数量的词汇：

Size（大小）: big, small, long, short, tall, high, low
Quantity（数量）: many, much, few, some, all

例子：在写”My School”时： “My school is big. There are many classrooms. There are some trees and flowers in our school. We have a big playground. It is very high.”

3.3 感觉和品质

表达情感和品质的词汇：

Good品质: good, nice, fine, happy, beautiful, clean, interesting
Bad品质: bad, sad, dirty, ugly, boring, difficult

例子：在写”My Best Friend”时： “My best friend is Lily. She is a nice girl. She is always happy and helpful. Her hair is long and black. She is beautiful. We play together every day. I feel happy when I am with her.”

3.4 情感表达词汇

直接表达情感的词汇：

happy（高兴）, sad（伤心）, angry（生气）, excited（兴奋）, tired（累）, hungry（饿）, thirsty（渴）

例子：在写”My Birthday Party”时： “On my birthday, I was very excited. My friends came to my house. We ate a big cake. It was delicious. I got many gifts. I was so happy that I jumped and laughed.”

学习建议：创建”描述性词汇树”，把形容词按类别分组。比如”颜色”是一个树枝，”大小”是另一个树枝。每天选择一个主题（如水果、衣服、天气），收集相关的描述性词汇，并用它们写3-5个句子。

4. 时间和数字词汇：构建文章框架

时间和数字词汇帮助组织文章结构，让作文更有条理。

4.1 时间表达

时刻: o’clock, half past, quarter past/to
日常时间: morning, afternoon, evening, night, noon, midnight
星期: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
月份: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
季节: spring, summer, autumn, winter
频率: always, usually, often, sometimes, never

例子：在写”My Weekend”时： “On Saturday morning, I usually do my homework. In the afternoon, I often play football with my friends. On Sunday morning, I sometimes go to the park with my parents. In the evening, I always watch TV for half an hour.”

4.2 数字和数量

基数词: one, two, three… ten, eleven, twelve… twenty, thirty… hundred
序数词: first, second, third, fourth, fifth… tenth
数量词: a lot of, lots of, many, much, few, a few, some, any

例子：在写”My School Life”时： “I have six classes every day. There are forty students in my class. I have three good friends. We often play together. I have two English books and four Chinese books.”

学习建议：制作时间表，用英文写下自己每天的作息时间。练习用英文表达日期和时间，比如每天问自己”What day is today?” “What time is it now?“。可以用数字玩数学游戏，比如用英文做简单的加减法。

5. 连接词：让文章流畅自然

连接词是提升写作水平的关键，能让句子之间、段落之间的过渡更自然。

5.1 顺序连接词

用于描述事情发生的顺序：

first（首先）, then（然后）, next（接下来）, after that（之后）, finally（最后）

例子：在写”How to Make a Paper Plane”时： “First, take a piece of paper. Then, fold it in half. Next, fold the corners to the middle. After that, fold it again. Finally, you can fly your paper plane.”

5.2 并列连接词

用于连接相似的内容：

and（和）, also（也）, too（也）, as well as（以及）

例子：在写”My Family”时： “My father is a doctor and my mother is a teacher. I have a brother. He is also a student. We live together and love each other.”

5.3 转折连接词

用于表达不同或相反的情况：

but（但是）, however（然而）

例子：在写”My Favorite Season”时： “I like summer very much. I can go swimming and eat ice cream. But it is too hot sometimes. However, I still think summer is the best season.”

5.4 因果连接词

用于表达原因和结果：

because（因为）, so（所以）

例子：在写”Why I Like Reading”时： “I like reading because books are my good friends. They give me knowledge and make me happy. So I read every day before I go to bed.”

学习建议：练习用连接词造句，把两个简单句合并成一个复合句。比如把”I get up. I go to school.“合并成”I get up and go to school.“或”I get up, then I go to school.“。可以和同学玩”连接词接龙”游戏，用不同的连接词连接句子。

6. 必考短语和固定搭配

短语和固定搭配是英语写作中的”黄金词汇”，使用它们能让作文更地道、更专业。

6.1 日常活动短语

get up（起床）, go to bed（睡觉）, have breakfast/lunch/dinner（吃早/午/晚饭）, go to school（上学）, go home（回家）, do homework（做作业）, watch TV（看电视）, play sports（做运动）

例子：在写”My Daily Routine”时： “I get up at 6:30 am. I have breakfast at 7:00 am. Then I go to school. After school, I go home and do my homework. After dinner, I watch TV for a while. Then I go to bed at 9:00 pm.”

6.2 情感表达短语

be happy（高兴）, be sad（伤心）, be excited（兴奋）, be interested in（对…感兴趣）, be good at（擅长）, be proud of（为…感到自豪）

例子：在写”My English Study”时： “I am interested in English. I am good at reading and writing. My teacher says I have made great progress. I am proud of myself.”

6.3 常见介词短语

in the morning/afternoon/evening（在早上/下午/晚上）, on Monday/Tuesday（在周一/周二）, at home/school（在家/在学校）, from…to…（从…到…）, in front of（在…前面）, next to（在…旁边）

例子：在写”My School”时： “My school is on Green Street. It is next to the park. There is a big playground in front of the teaching building. Classes are from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm.”

6.4 表达观点的短语

I think…（我认为…）, I believe…（我相信…）, In my opinion…（在我看来…）, I hope…（我希望…）

例子：在写”My Dream”时： “I think everyone has a dream. I believe my dream will come true. In my opinion, studying hard is the key to success. I hope I can be a teacher in the future.”

学习建议：把短语分类整理，制作成海报或手册。每天选择3-5个短语，用它们写小段落。可以和同学互相批改作文，特别注意短语的使用是否正确。还可以把短语编成歌曲或chant，增强记忆。

7. 高频主题词汇：应对各类作文题目

小学英语写作通常围绕特定主题展开，掌握高频主题词汇能帮助孩子们轻松应对各类作文题目。

7.1 学校生活主题

Classroom（教室）: classroom, desk, chair, blackboard, computer, book, pen, pencil, ruler, eraser
Subjects（科目）: English, Chinese, Math, Science, Art, Music, PE
**Activities（活动）: class, homework, test, exam, score, grade, club, team

例子：在写”My School Life”时： “I have English, Chinese and Math every day. My favorite subject is English. I have a lot of homework to do after school. I often get good grades in Math. I am in the school football team.”

7.2 家庭生活主题

Family（家庭）: family, parent, house, home, room, kitchen, bedroom, living room
Activities（活动）: cook, clean, wash, watch TV, have dinner, talk, play games

例子：在写”My Family”时： “There are three people in my family: my father, my mother and me. My father works in an office. My mother is a housewife. She cooks delicious food for us. We often have dinner together and talk about our day.”

7.3 兴趣爱好主题

Hobbies（爱好）: hobby, like, love, enjoy, favorite, collection, stamp, coin, book, music, sport
Sports（运动）: football, basketball, swimming, running, jumping, tennis, badminton

例子：在写”My Hobby”时： “My hobby is collecting stamps. I have many stamps from different countries. Some stamps have pictures of animals, some have pictures of famous people. I enjoy my hobby very much. It makes me learn about the world.”

7.4 节日和季节主题

Seasons（季节）: spring, summer, autumn, winter
Weather（天气）: sunny, rainy, cloudy, windy, snowy, hot, cold, warm, cool
Holidays（节日）: Spring Festival, Christmas, Children’s Day, New Year, birthday

例子：在写”My Favorite Season”时： “My favorite season is spring. The weather gets warmer. Trees turn green and flowers come out. I can fly a kite in the park. I can also go hiking with my family. Spring is a hopeful season.”

7.5 人物描写主题

Appearance（外貌）: tall, short, long hair, short hair, black eyes, big eyes, small mouth, round face
Personality（性格）: kind, friendly, helpful, quiet, active, funny, smart, clever

例子：在写”My Best Friend”时： “My best friend is Tom. He is tall and thin. He has short black hair and big eyes. He is very friendly and helpful. He always helps me with my homework. He is good at sports, especially football.”

学习建议：为每个主题制作词汇思维导图，把相关词汇分类整理。每周选择一个主题，收集至少20个相关词汇，并写一篇小作文。可以和同学进行主题词汇比赛，看谁收集的词汇多、用得好。

8. 学习方法和技巧：高效掌握核心词汇

掌握了核心词汇的分类后，如何高效学习和记忆这些词汇呢？以下是一些实用的学习方法和技巧。

8.1 分类记忆法

把词汇按类别分组记忆，比零散记忆更有效。比如：

颜色类：red, yellow, blue, green…
食物类：apple, banana, rice, bread…
动作类：go, come, run, jump…

具体操作：制作分类词汇卡片盒，每个盒子一个类别。每天从不同盒子中各取5个词汇学习。

8.2 情境记忆法

把词汇放在具体情境中记忆，这样更容易理解和运用。

具体操作：每天选择一个生活场景（如厨房、学校、公园），列出该场景中可能出现的英文词汇，并用这些词汇编一个小故事。

8.3 多感官学习法

调动多种感官参与学习，提高记忆效果。

视觉: 看图片、视频，制作彩色卡片
听觉: 听英文歌曲、故事，跟读录音
动觉: 边写边读，做动作表演词汇含义

例子：学习”swim”时，可以：

看游泳的图片或视频
听”swim”的发音并跟读
做游泳的动作并说”I can swim”
写下这个单词和句子

8.4 游戏学习法

通过游戏让学习变得有趣，提高学习积极性。

Bingo游戏: 准备9个词汇，老师说意思，学生找对应词汇
Simon Says: 老师说”Simon says jump”，学生做跳的动作
Word Chain: 用上一个单词的最后一个字母开头说新单词

8.5 循环复习法

根据艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，及时复习才能巩固记忆。

复习计划：

第一次学习后：10分钟后复习一次
当天晚上：再复习一次
第二天：再次复习
一周后：再次复习
一个月后：再次复习

8.6 应用练习法

学以致用是掌握词汇的最佳方式。

练习方法：

造句练习: 每天用新学的词汇造3-5个句子
翻译练习: 把中文句子翻译成英文，注意使用新词汇
写作练习: 每周写一篇小作文，尽量使用本周学到的新词汇
口语练习: 和同学或家人用英文对话，尝试使用新词汇

8.7 工具辅助法

利用现代工具辅助学习：

词汇APP: 如百词斩、扇贝单词等
在线词典: 查词时看例句和发音
学习网站: 如Starfall, ABCya等适合小学生的英语学习网站
电子卡片: 用Anki等软件制作电子卡片，方便随时随地学习

8.8 建立个人词汇库

创建自己的词汇笔记本或电子文档，记录学过的词汇。

词汇库内容：

单词
中文意思
词性（名词n., 动词v., 形容词adj.等）
例句
同义词或反义词
相关短语

例子：

单词: beautiful
中文: 美丽的
词性: adj.
例句: The flowers are beautiful.
同义词: pretty
反义词: ugly
相关短语: beautiful scenery

8.9 家长辅助策略

家长的参与能大大提高学习效果：

创造语言环境: 在家中贴英文标签，如”door”, “window”, “table”
日常对话: 简单的日常指令用英文，如”Brush your teeth”, “Wash your hands”
共同学习: 和孩子一起学习词汇，比赛谁记得快
鼓励为主: 多表扬孩子的进步，建立学习信心
资源提供: 为孩子提供丰富的英文绘本、动画片等学习资源

8.10 考试技巧

针对考试的特殊技巧：

审题: 仔细阅读题目要求，确定主题和要点
列提纲: 用中文或英文列出要写的内容要点
词汇选择: 优先使用熟悉的词汇，避免使用不确定的词汇
检查: 写完后检查拼写、语法和标点
时间管理: 合理分配时间，留出检查时间

例子：考试作文题”My Favorite Animal”

审题：写最喜欢的动物，需要描述外貌、习性、为什么喜欢
列提纲：
1. 动物名称：cat
2. 外貌：small, white, big eyes
3. 习性：sleeps a lot, likes fish
4. 为什么喜欢：cute, plays with me
词汇选择：使用熟悉的词汇如small, white, cute, sleep, fish
检查：确保”cat”不是”bat”，”white”拼写正确

9. 实战演练：从词汇到完整作文

掌握了核心词汇和学习方法后，让我们通过实战演练，看看如何把词汇组织成完整的作文。

9.1 写作步骤

审题: 确定作文主题和要求
头脑风暴: 列出相关词汇和短语
列提纲: 组织内容结构
写初稿: 运用所学词汇完成作文
检查修改: 检查拼写、语法和逻辑
誊写: 工整地写在答题纸上

9.2 实战例子：写”My Favorite Season”

题目: 以”My Favorite Season”为题写一篇作文，不少于50词。

步骤1: 审题

主题：最喜欢的季节
要求：描述季节特点、活动、感受
字数：至少50词

步骤2: 头脑风暴（列出相关词汇）

季节名称：spring, summer, autumn, winter
天气：warm, hot, cool, cold, sunny, rainy, snowy
活动：fly a kite, swim, pick apples, make a snowman
感受：happy, excited, comfortable, fun
连接词：because, so, and, then

步骤3: 列提纲

开头：我最喜欢的季节是春天
中间：
1. 天气变暖，树变绿，花开了
2. 可以放风筝、远足
3. 春天充满希望
结尾：所以我最喜欢春天

步骤4: 写初稿 My Favorite Season My favorite season is spring. The weather gets warm. Trees turn green and flowers come out. I can fly a kite in the park. I can also go hiking with my family. Spring is a hopeful season. So I like spring best.

步骤5: 检查修改

拼写：检查所有单词是否正确
语法：主谓一致，时态正确
逻辑：内容连贯，符合题目要求
字数：数一下是否达到50词（本例约45词，可以再加一句）

修改后： My Favorite Season My favorite season is spring. The weather gets warm and sunny. Trees turn green and beautiful flowers come out. I can fly a kite in the park on weekends. I can also go hiking with my family. Spring is a hopeful season. It makes me feel happy and excited. So I like spring best of all.

步骤6: 誊写 工整地写在答题纸上，注意大小写和标点。

9.3 常见作文类型及词汇运用

类型1: 人物描写（My Family/My Friend）

必用词汇：is, has, can, like, love
描述词汇：tall, short, kind, friendly, helpful
例子：My mother is a teacher. She has long hair. She is very kind.

类型2: 日常生活（My Day/My Weekend）

必用词汇：get up, go to, have, do, play, watch
时间词汇：in the morning, at noon, in the evening
例子：I get up at 6:30. I go to school at 7:30.

类型3: 爱好（My Hobby）

必用词汇：like, love, enjoy, hobby, collection
活动词汇：read, draw, sing, dance, play sports
例子：I like reading books. I have many books.

类型4: 地点（My School/My Home）

必用词汇：there is/are, have, has, in, on, under
描述词汇：big, small, clean, beautiful
例子：There are many classrooms in my school.

类型5: 节日/季节（My Favorite Festival/Season）

必用词汇：come, celebrate, eat, wear, play
感受词汇：happy, excited, fun
例子：Spring Festival comes. We eat dumplings.

9.4 从简单句到复杂句的提升

简单句：I like spring. 并列句：I like spring and I like summer. 复合句：I like spring because it is warm. 复杂句：I like spring because it is warm and I can fly kites.

提升技巧：

加上原因：because, so
加上时间：when, before, after
加上地点：where
加上感受：I feel, it makes me feel

例子：

基础：I play football.
提升：I play football with my friends after school.
再提升：I play football with my friends after school on the playground. It makes me feel happy.

9.5 作文检查清单

写完作文后，用以下清单检查：

内容方面：

[ ] 是否符合题目要求？
[ ] 是否包含所有要点？
[ ] 内容是否具体？

语言方面：

[ ] 单词拼写是否正确？
[ ] 大小写是否正确？（句首、专有名词）
[ ] 标点符号是否正确？
[ ] 主谓是否一致？
[ ] 时态是否正确？

结构方面：

[ ] 是否有开头、中间、结尾？
[ ] 句子之间是否连贯？
[ ] 是否使用了连接词？

词汇方面：

[ ] 是否使用了所学的核心词汇？
[ ] 是否有重复使用同一个词？
[ ] 是否可以替换为更合适的词？

9.6 常见错误及纠正

错误1: 主谓不一致

错误：My mother cook dinner.
正确：My mother cooks dinner.

错误2: 时态混乱

错误：Yesterday I go to school.
正确：Yesterday I went to school.

错误3: 单词拼写错误

错误：I like aples.
正确：I like apples.

错误4: 缺少冠词

错误：I have book.
正确：I have a book.

错误5: 中式英语

错误：I very like English.
正确：I like English very much.

错误6: 句子不完整

错误：Because it is raining.
正确：I stay at home because it is raining.

错误7: 重复使用同一词汇

错误：I like my school. My school is big. My school is beautiful.
正确：I like my school. It is big and beautiful.

错误8: 大小写错误

错误：i like english.
正确：I like English.

错误9: 标点错误

错误：I like apples bananas and oranges.
正确：I like apples, bananas and oranges.

错误10: 词性混淆

错误：I have happy.
正确：I am happy.

9.7 优秀作文范例分析

题目: My Best Friend

优秀范文： My Best Friend I have a good friend. Her name is Lily. She is twelve years old. She is in Class 3, Grade 6. She has long black hair and big eyes. She is tall and thin. She is very friendly and helpful. She always helps me with my English. We often play together after school. She likes reading and drawing. I like her very much. We are best friends forever.

分析：

结构清晰：开头介绍，中间描述，结尾表达感情
词汇丰富：使用了name, years old, Class, Grade, long black hair, big eyes, tall, thin, friendly, helpful, always, often, together, forever等词汇
句式多样：简单句和复合句交替使用
连接自然：使用and, always, often等连接词
情感真挚：结尾表达深厚友谊

可借鉴的表达：

Her name is…（介绍姓名）
She is in Class…Grade…（介绍班级）
She has…（描述外貌）
She is…and…（描述性格）
She always…（描述习惯）
We often…（描述共同活动）
She likes…（描述爱好）
I like her very much.（表达感情）

10. 总结与鼓励

通过以上九个部分的详细学习，我们系统地掌握了小学英语写作的核心词汇和实用技巧。从基础的名词、动词，到描述性词汇、连接词，再到主题词汇和写作方法，每一个环节都是提升写作能力的重要基石。

10.1 核心要点回顾

名词是基础：掌握人物、事物、地点类名词，构建句子框架
动词是灵魂：使用动作动词和短语动词，让句子生动起来
形容词是色彩：运用描述性词汇，让作文丰富多彩
连接词是桥梁：使用连接词，让文章流畅自然
短语是黄金：掌握固定搭配，让表达更地道
主题词汇是钥匙：分类积累，轻松应对各类题目
方法是捷径：运用科学方法，高效记忆和应用
实践是王道：多写多练，从词汇到作文的完美转化

10.2 学习建议

坚持每天学习：每天学习5-10个新词汇，复习旧词汇
注重实际应用：学以致用，把词汇用到句子和作文中
保持学习兴趣：通过游戏、歌曲、故事等方式让学习更有趣
建立学习信心：不要害怕犯错，从错误中学习和进步
寻求帮助：遇到困难时，及时向老师、同学或家长求助

10.3 鼓励话语

亲爱的孩子们，英语写作并不难，关键在于掌握核心词汇和坚持练习。每一个英语写作高手都是从掌握最基础的词汇开始的。就像盖房子需要一块块砖头，写作也需要一个个词汇。

记住：

词汇是写作的基石：没有词汇，就无法表达
练习是进步的阶梯：每天进步一点点，积少成多
信心是成功的动力：相信自己，你一定能行

从今天开始，每天学习几个新词汇，每天写几句话，坚持一个月，你会发现自己的写作水平有明显提升。坚持三个月，你会惊喜地发现自己可以轻松应对考试作文。坚持一年，你会成为班里的英语写作小能手！

最后，送给大家一句话：“Practice makes perfect.“（熟能生巧）。只要坚持练习，掌握核心词汇，轻松应对考试，提升写作水平就不再是梦想！

加油！You can do it！# 小学英语写作必考词汇精选掌握这些核心词汇轻松应对考试提升写作水平