引言

雅思写作是小测试中的一大关键部分，它不仅考验考生的语言运用能力，还要求考生具备快速获取和处理信息的能力。小作文，通常是基于图表、表格或地图等非文字材料，要求考生对这些信息进行描述和分析。掌握必要的词汇对于提升写作分数至关重要。以下是一些必备词汇及其用法，帮助考生在雅思写作小作文中脱颖而出。

1. 描述词汇

1.1. 增加和减少

  • Increase: 增加
    • 例句：The number of tourists visiting the city has increased significantly over the past five years.
  • Decrease: 减少
    • 例句：The crime rate in the area has decreased by 20% over the past year.
  • Rise: 上升
    • 例句：There has been a rise in the number of students enrolling in online courses.
  • Fall: 下降
    • 例句：The birth rate has fallen sharply in recent years.

1.2. 比较词汇

  • Compare: 比较
    • 例句：The two graphs show a direct comparison between the sales of two products.
  • Contrast: 对比
    • 例句：Contrastingly, the sales of the second product have remained steady over the same period.
  • Similar: 相似
    • 例句：The two graphs are similar in that they both show an upward trend.
  • Different: 不同
    • 例句：The two graphs differ in the rate of increase over time.

1.3. 时间词汇

  • Over time: 随着时间的推移
    • 例句：Over time, there has been a noticeable change in the climate.
  • In the past: 在过去
    • 例句：In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of people using smartphones.
  • Currently: 目前
    • 例句：Currently, the most popular sport in the country is football.
  • In the future: 在未来
    • 例句：In the future, it is expected that the number of electric vehicles will continue to rise.

2. 表达方式

2.1. 强调

  • Significantly: 显著地
    • 例句：The population of the city has significantly increased in the past decade.
  • Considerably: 相当大地
    • 例句：The sales of the product have considerably decreased in the last quarter.
  • Dramatically: 剧烈地
    • 例句：There has been a dramatic rise in the price of housing in the city.

2.2. 递进

  • Furthermore: 此外
    • 例句：Furthermore, the rise in the price of oil has affected the cost of living.
  • Additionally: 另外
    • 例句：Additionally, the government has introduced new policies to address the issue.
  • Moreover: 此外
    • 例句：Moreover, the increase in tourism has brought about various economic benefits.

2.3. 总结

  • In conclusion: 总结起来
    • 例句：In conclusion, the data suggests that there has been a significant change in the trends over the past few years.
  • Overall: 总的来说
    • 例句：Overall, the figures indicate that the number of people using public transport has increased.
  • Generally: 通常
    • 例句：Generally, the graphs show a positive trend in the sales of the product.

3. 实战演练

以下是一个小作文的示例，展示如何使用上述词汇：

题目：描述以下表格，说明在过去十年中，该国主要城市的人口变化。

城市 2008年人口 2018年人口
城市A 500,000 700,000
城市B 400,000 600,000
城市C 300,000 500,000

示例：

The table above illustrates the population changes in three major cities over the past decade. In 2008, the population of City A was 500,000, which significantly increased to 700,000 by 2018. Similarly, City B experienced a considerable rise from 400,000 in 2008 to 600,000 in 2018. In contrast, City C showed a more modest increase, rising from 300,000 to 500,000 over the same period. Overall, the data suggests that the population of the three cities has generally increased over the past decade, with City A experiencing the most dramatic growth.

通过掌握这些词汇和表达方式，考生可以在雅思写作小作文中更加流畅地描述和分析数据，从而提升写作分数。